1. Reactor Tsim thiab Txheej Txheem Txhim Kho
2. RESTStock thiab reagent optimization
3. Catalyst thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv
4. Cov txheej txheem tswj thiab automation
5. Khib tsawg kawg thiab rov ua dua tshiab
6. Lub zog txuag kev txhim kho
7. Kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig ua raws
1. Reactor Tsim thiab Txheej Txheem Txhim Kho
Kev xaiv ntawm reactor configuration thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov kev cai tiv thaiv kinetics, thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo.
Cov Reactor Advactor Qib Siab
Poob zaj duab xis reactors (FFRS) tau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam so₃ sulforation vim lawv cov qauv tsim tau zoo rau lawv cov qauv tsim kev zoo. Kev Tsim qauv, FFRS muaj cov pob ntawm cov kab ntsug ntawm lub tsev siab tsis pub dhau lub nkoj siab. Cov organic feedock yog faib cov yaum kom nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txhua lub raj, sib sau ua ib zaj duab xis nyias uas swb hauv phab ntsa sab hauv nyob rau hauv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no, feem ntau 0 Thaum tshav kub hloov cov coefficients hauv FFRS tuaj yeem ncav cuag txog li 2000 W \/ (M²K K), muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo tshaj tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshav nti. In the production of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LABSA), FFRs enable a residence time of 15 - 25 seconds to achieve a conversion rate exceeding 96%. Tus yuam sij rau FFR kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev tswj cov yeeb yaj kiab ruaj khov; Cov qauv niaj hnub siv siv cov lus faib nrog laser - Drilled tsis muaj kev ywj pheej nthuav tawm, txo qhov kev tsim cov khoom qhuav thiab txhim kho cov khoom lag luam.
Micrortactors sawv cev rau lub paradigm hloov hauv sulfonation thev naus laus zis. Cov cuab yeej siv no, nrog cov channel sab hauv qhov ntev ntev los ntawm 50 txog 500 tus micrometers, khib lav cov npoo av - rau - ntim sib piv ntawm lub microscale. Nws lub sij hawm hauv cov micrortactors feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv millisecond ntau, deb surpomposing ib txwm muaj kev nplua nuj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv - OlemasTORS tuaj yeem ua kom meej tswj qhov kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev kub ntxhov hauv ± 1 degree, txo cov kev phiv tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg kuj tseem qhib cov khoom pib sai thiab kaw, txo cov khoom siv pov tseg thaum hloov cov txheej txheem. Tsis ntev los no kev kho siab muaj 3D - luam tawm Microreactors nrog rau cov microchhannnel rau hauv - situ tshav kub sib pauv, txuas ntxiv kev tswj tshav kub ntxiv. Txawm hais tias tam sim no txwv los ntawm kev tawm tsam, ntau - parallel Microreavalis cov qauv nthuav tawm raws li cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev lag luam.
Kev tswj hwm kub ua tau zoo yog linchpin rau kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig sulfonation. Niaj hnub nim nroj tsuag feem ntau ua hauj lwm ntau dua ib zaug - theem txias kev ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cua sov uas siv cov coils sab hauv kom zoo - kho. Cov txheej txheem siab ua ke sib xyaw ua ke Theem - Hloov cov ntaub ntawv (PCMS) nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj reactor, uas nqus tau ntau cov cua sov uas lub sij hawm Peak cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv FFRS, lub dav dav dav dav dav yog kev soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm thermocouples muab tso rau ntawm {}} cm sib nrug. Tshuab kawm cov algorithms tshawb xyuas qhov ntsuas kub - lub sijhawm ntsuas kub kom kwv yees zaj duab xis los yog coking, kho cov dej txias ntws tus nqi protactively. Ib qho ntxiv, khib nyiab ntawm cov tshuab rov qab los txog 40% ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cua sov, uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab, uas muaj cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, txhim kho tag nrho cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob.
2. RESTStock thiab reagent optimization
Sulfonating tus neeg saib xyuas Purity thiab xa khoom
Anhydrous so₃, nrog nws lub siab purity tshaj 99%, yog tus mus rau kev xaiv sai sai thiab kev siv hluav taws xob nrawm vim nws cov kev ua kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov cua sov-rhiab lossis yooj yim dhau-sulfonated substrates, diluted so₃ mixatures lossis huab cua, muab kev tswj hwm zoo dua los ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev siv. Qhov no tso cai rau qib zuj zus thiab tsawg dua sulfonent process, kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov teb chaws. Ua kua so thiab oleum muab lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev tswj hwm kev tso tawm, ua rau cov neeg sawv cev sulfonating los qhia txog kev ntsuas ntau dua. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj nrog kev sib tw ntawm kev tswj hwm cov dej cov ntsiab lus thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov dej ntau dhau yuav cuam tshuam rau cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kinetics. Hauv kev xyaum, tswj kev ua kom meej meej so₃: substrate molar sib piv, feem ntau me ntsis saum toj ntawm stoichiometric. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv sulfation ntawm tawm linear alkylbenzene (lab), ib qho sib npaug ntawm kev sib luag ntawm kev tsim cov sulfone ntawm sulfone los ntawm kev ua si ntau dhau.
Substrate Pre-kev kho yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem sulfifon. Pub feedock impurities, suav nrog cov dej noo thiab hlau ions, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txiaj ntsig. Noog noo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog rau cov sulfuric acid, hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chemistry thiab feem cuam ua rau tsis muaj kev xav tau sab nraud. Hlau ions, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem ua raws li catalysts rau txoj kev undesired los yog degrade cov kev ua si ntxiv cov catalalts. Txhawm rau txo cov teeb meem no, substrates yog kom muab qhuav rau cov ncauj lus dej tsawg dua 500 ppm. Adsorbents zoo li cov pa roj carbon ua haujlwm feem ntau yog ua haujlwm rau kev xaiv tshem cov kab mob tsis txaus. Rau viscous feittocks xws li C₁₈-C₁₈ Cov Hluav Taws Xob, cov cua sov ua ntej los txo cov ntau ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kub tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov kev txo qis hauv viscosity ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv reactor, pab txhawb kev hloov pauv loj dua thiab ua kom muaj kev sib txawv thiab ua tau zoo sulfation kev tawm tsam.
3. Catalyst thiab kev txhim kho ntxiv
Thaum ntau sulfation repeundions (piv txwv li, nrog rau so₃) tsis yog-catalytic, qee cov txheej txheem tau txais los ntawm catalysts lossis ntxiv.
Acid catalysts rau kev khiav tsis-so₃
Lewis acids (piv txwv li, Alcl₃, BF₃, tuaj yeem txhim kho Assolity rau cov suligic substrates hauv sulfuric subm lossis chlorosulfonic acid. Piv txwv li, hauv sulkhalene ntawm naphthalene, haysso₄ nrog me me ntawm so₃ (oleum) thiab ib qho ntawm HCL raws li kev sib piv ntawm - mus rau -sulfonic acid isomers.
Dab neeg tshiab catalysts
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no los ntawm LIU li al. (2023) Tsim cov sulfonic acid-txi cov kua txiv ntoo porous polymers raws ob-ddker silsesquioxane (ddsq), uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm siab hauv catalytic oxidation kev tawm tsam. Cov ntaub ntawv no, nrog cov kua qaub acid mus txog 1.84 mmol \/ g, ua tiav ntawm styrene oxide nyob rau hauv 30 feeb ntau dua mus, muab cov peev xwm rau cov ntawv thov Sulfield.
4. Cov txheej txheem tswj thiab automation
Kev tshuaj xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag
Infrared (ir) spectroscopy tau dhau los ua lub pob zeb rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem tiag tiag ntawm kev sulfonation. Niaj hnub nimno Fourier-hloov Indic infrared (FT-ir) spectrometers, nrog lub spectral daws ntawm 4-8 CMO, tuaj yeem ntes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm hauv vib nas this. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov cim uas nqus cov cim ntawm substrates thiab cov khoom lag luam, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tshawb pom kev ua txhaum kev txawv txav. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv sulfonation ntawm kev muaj roj, ib pliag zuj zus hauv lub plab ncab ntawm 33}}} 0 cm⁻¹} 0 cm⁻¹ qhia tau ntau dhau sulfonity ntau dhau sulfonation ntau dhau ntawm sulfonation ntau dhau sulfonation ntau dhau sulfonation ntau dhau sulfonity. Cov ntawv sau ua ke online, feem ntau ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg, saib xyuas cov txheej txheem nruab nrab nrog cov khoom siv ± 0, 15 hom cov khoom lag luam zoo ib yam. Huab hwm coj tau nruab nrog Caliolis Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology Technology<0.1%, while micro-calorimeters can detect heat release changes as small as 0.1 W, enabling precise tracking of reaction progress. In a large-scale LAB sulfonation plant, real-time data fusion from these sensors reduces product rework by 30%.
Tswv yim tswj cov tshuab
Kev sib koom ua ke-sib koom tes-derivative (pid) tswj lub loops tau hloov mus rau hauv cov tswv yim tswj hwm. Advanced Pog Algorithms Tam Sim No Incorporate hloov kho, kho cov tsis raws li cov txheej txheem muaj. Piv txwv li, thaum pib lossis hloov pauv ntawm cov pub mis zoo, lub sij hawm tseem ceeb tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tiv thaiv tau overshooting. Nyob rau hauv cov ntoo txuas ntxiv sulfonation, ntau yam sib txawv pid tswj tau ib txhij dej ntws, thiab agitator ceev, ua kom zoo kinetics. Thaum ua ke nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov qauv kev sib txuam-ib qho metric uas ntsuas cov khoom lag luam tawm tsam cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb-pid cov tshuab ua tiav tau zoo kawg. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub kev kawm ntawm C₁₂-C₁₈ Ceg Dej cawv Sulfonation Qhov Cuam Tshuam Qhov Cuam Tshuam los ntawm 40%, txhawb nqa thawj-dhau los ntawm 82% rau 96%. Ntxiv mus, niaj hnub cov tshuab feem ntau suav nrog kev tswj hwm pid, kev hloov kho cov qauv kev tswj hwm thiab txhawb nqa kev tswj cov txheej txheem, ntxiv txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntau lawm.
5. Khib tsawg kawg thiab rov ua dua tshiab
Los ntawm kev tswj hwm
Txhim kho cov nplaim hluav taws xob noo, feem ntau ntim nrog cov qauv yas lossis cov ceramic yas lossis cov ceramic tawm, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntes cov pa roj. Cov tshuaj txhuam no ua haujlwm nrog roj ua kua tiv-kua ntawm {2}}}}} kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv tau ntau tshaj 99%. Kev nqus tau so₃ rea royet nrog sulfuric acid los ua oleum, uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev rov siv dua cov txheej txheem sulfonation. Txhawm rau kom rov zoo dua, qee cov nroj tsuag sib xyaw cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob (esps) nce ntxiv, txo cov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv. Rau cov carbonaceous sludge kev tswj hwm, txuas ntxiv ntsuas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub thiab lub sijhawm nyob hauv 10 - 30 dua li xav tau) tuaj yeem txiav sludge tsim los ntawm 40%. Incinerating cov sludge hauv fluidized lub txaj rearors recovere txog 800 kWH \/ tuj ntawm lub zog, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo.
Dej thiab Hnyav Ub
Nyob rau hauv aqueous sulforation profreses, ntau cov txiaj ntsig evaporators (me me) feem ntau siv rau kev rov ua dej rov qab. Ib qho me me system nrog 3 - 5} Evaporation theem yuav ua tiav cov dej rov qab los ntawm {% piv rau ib leeg theem. Rov Qab Osmosis (RO) WHEF CROSRANES nrog kev tsis lees txais cov khoom siv tsis huv no ntxiv txhawm rau ua cov dej rov qab, ua rau nws siv rau kev rov ua dua hauv neutralization kauj ruam. Nyob rau hauv surfactant ntau lawm, siv dej yuav kho tau nrog ion pauv kev ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm trace hlau ions ua ntej rov nkag mus rau txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, hauv cov nroj tsuag tsim tawm linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (lab), kev siv cov nqi kho mob tsis muaj 70% thiab txiav dej khib nyiab los ntawm 45%.
6. Lub zog txuag kev txhim kho
Kev Sib Koom Kub Kub
Rov qab ua cov khib nyiab los ntawm sulfation repeactions los ua ntej kub pub mis lossis tsim cov chav. Hauv 10 kt \/ xyoo lab-lab sulfonation tsob nroj, kev ua kom sov tuaj yeem txo cov nqi zog los ntawm 10-15%. Tsawg-kub khib nyiab kub (piv txwv li, los ntawm txias chev) kuj tseem siv tau rau cov haujlwm hauv qab cov khoom kom qhuav.
Lub zog-ua tau khoom siv
Txhim kho twj thiab agitators rau cov motors high-asciciency nrog ntau zaus ua kom muaj zog (VFDs) txo cov hluav taws xob tau siv los ntawm 20-30%. Piv txwv li, hloov cov neeg muaj peev xwm ib txwm muaj nrog VFDs hauv Cursor-based Sulfonation txheej txheem txuag kev txuag hluav taws xob thaum tswj kev sib xyaw.
7. Kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig ua raws
Kev nyab xeeb me
So₃ yog cov xeb zoo thiab ua rau; Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv AirTawm nrog cov roj inert (n₂) purging thiab corrosion-resistant cov ntaub ntawv (piv txwv li hastelloy c {1}}). Txhim kho lub tshuab nthuav dav thiab cov pa roj av rau so₃ thiab volatile organic compounds (vocs).
Kev Tswj Fwm
Txhim kho cov txheej txheem kom tau raws li cov qauv emission rau SOX thiab VOCs. Thermal oxidizers lossis kaw-voj tshuab tuaj yeem rhuav tshem vocs nyob rau hauv cov pa roj (piv txwv li, siv metign