Caustic Soda yog dab tsi thiab nws siv rau dab tsi?

Caustic soda tseem hu ua sodium hydroxide, cov tshuaj formula yog NaOH, feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm flakes los yog hais, yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej (soluble nyob rau hauv dej, exothermic) thiab tsim ib tug alkaline tov, thiab deliquescence, yooj yim nqus dej vapor nyob rau hauv. huab cua. NaOH yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tsim nyog hauv cov chaw soj nstuam tshuaj, thiab nws kuj yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg. Cov khoom ntshiab yog cov xim tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab. Qhov ceev 2.130g / cm³. Melting point 318.4 degree. Kub taw tes 1390 degree. Cov khoom lag luam muaj me me ntawm sodium chloride thiab sodium carbonate, uas yog dawb opaque crystals. Muaj cov blocks, flakes, granules thiab rods, thiab lwm yam. Formula 40.01.

Sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas alkaline hauv kev kho dej, soluble hauv ethanol thiab glycerol; insoluble nyob rau hauv propanol thiab ether. Nws kuj muaj cov nyhuv corrosive rau carbon thiab sodium ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws disproportionates nrog halogens xws li chlorine, bromine thiab iodine. Neutralizes nrog acids los tsim ntsev thiab dej.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb:

Caustic soda muaj ntau yam kev siv. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv papermaking, xab npum, dyes, rayon, txhuas, roj av refining, paj rwb ntaub xov, purification ntawm thee tar khoom, raws li zoo raws li cov zaub mov ua, ntoo ua thiab machinery kev lag luam.

Kev sim tshuaj chemistry

Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv los ua cov tshuaj reagent, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua alkaline desiccant vim nws cov dej muaj zog nqus thiab deliquescence. Nws tuaj yeem nqus cov kua qaub (xws li hauv kev sim ntawm kev hlawv cov sulfur hauv cov pa, sodium hydroxide tov tuaj yeem muab ntim rau hauv lub raj mis kom nqus cov tshuaj sulfur dioxide.)

Kev lag luam

Sodium hydroxide yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws, thiab ntau qhov kev lag luam xav tau sodium hydroxide. Kev lag luam uas siv cov sodium hydroxide ntau tshaj plaws yog kev tsim cov tshuaj, ua raws li kev tsim cov ntawv, txhuas, tungsten, rayon, rayon thiab xab npum. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov dyes, plastics, tshuaj thiab organic intermediates, lub regeneration ntawm qub roj hmab, zus tau tej cov sodium hlau, electrolysis ntawm dej thiab zus tau tej cov inorganic ntsev, zus tau tej cov borax, chromium ntsev, manganates, phosphates. , thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum tau siv. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm caustic soda.

Kev lag luam tshuaj

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm sodium hydroxide txiav txim siab tias cov khoom no yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg ntau. Sodium hydroxide yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw cov ntaub ntawv rau zus tau tej cov polycarbonate, superabsorbent polymers, zeolites, epoxy resins, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfite thiab ib tug ntau ntawm sodium ntsev.

Oleic acid yog monounsaturated fatty acid, uas yog tau los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm roj; mos thiab stearic acid yog saturated fatty acids, uas tau los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm roj.

Yog hais tias poov tshuaj hydroxide yog siv rau hydrolysis, lub resulting xab npum yog mos.

Ntxiv sodium chloride rau cov tshuaj tuaj yeem txo qhov solubility ntawm fatty acid ntsev thiab cais cov fatty acid ntsev, txheej txheem hu ua salting tawm. Cov ntsev ntau dua fatty acids yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm xab npum, uas tuaj yeem kho nrog cov fillers kom tau cov xab npum bar.

Saponification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj thiab zaub roj yog triglyceride, thiab nws qhov sib npaug alkaline hydrolysis yog:

Cov pab pawg R yuav txawv, tab sis qhov tshwm sim R-COONa tuaj yeem siv los ua xab npum. Common R yog:

C17H33-: 8-heptadecenyl. R-COOH yog oleic acid.

C15H31-: n-pentadecyl. R-COOH yog palmitic acid.

C17H35-: n-heptadecyl. R-COOH yog stearic acid.

Absorb carbon dioxide gas

Cov pa roj nruab nrab thiab alkaline sib xyaw nrog CO₂, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm impurities:

CO₂ plus 2NaOH=Na₂CO₃ plus H₂O

Papermaking

Sodium hydroxide plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ntawv. Vim nws cov khoom alkaline, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm boiling thiab bleaching ntawv nplooj ntawv.

Kev lag luam zaub mov

Sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hauv qab no: cov txheej txheem ntxuav cov ntim khoom; txheej txheem ntawm starch; kev npaj ntawm carboxymethyl cellulose; Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm sodium glutamate.

Kev kho dej

Sodium hydroxide yog siv dav hauv kev kho dej. Hauv cov chaw kho dej phwj tuaj, sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem txo cov tawv tawv ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neutralization. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam teb, nws yog ib tug regenerant rau ion pauv resin regeneration. Sodium hydroxide muaj zog alkaline thiab kuj soluble hauv dej. Vim tias cov dej qab zib caustic yog nyob rau hauv cov kua dej, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ntsuas qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab nws yooj yim siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev kho dej.

Sodium hydroxide yog siv rau hauv cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no hauv kev kho dej: tshem tawm cov dej tawv; hloov pH tus nqi ntawm cov dej; neutralization ntawm cov dej khib nyiab; regeneration ntawm ion txauv resin; tshem tawm cov hlau hnyav ions hauv dej los ntawm nag lossis daus.

Tib neeg ua fibers thiab textiles

Hauv kev lag luam textile, sodium hydroxide yog siv rau kev kho zaum kawg thiab dyeing ntawm fibers. Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb: mercerized man-made fibers.

Mmetallurgy

Sodium hydroxide yog siv los kho bauxite, uas muaj alumina, uas muaj cov hlau txhuas. Aluminium (qhov thib ob feem ntau siv hlau hauv ntiaj teb no. Sodium hydroxide kuj yog siv los tsim zinc alloys thiab zinc ingots.

Cov khoom siv ntxuav

Sodium hydroxide tau siv rau cov hom phiaj niaj hnub niaj hnub, thiab txog niaj hnub no, qhov kev thov rau cov dej qab zib caustic hauv xab npum, xab npum thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntxhua khaub ncaws tseem suav txog li 15 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov dej qab zib caustic.

xab npum: Qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm caustic soda yog kev tsim cov xab npum, uas yog siv los ua kom tsis muaj roj fatty acids.

Detergents: Sodium hydroxide yog siv los tsim ntau yam tshuaj detergents, thiab txawm tias niaj hnub no cov ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov dej qab zib caustic, uas yog siv los ua kom tsis muaj zog tshaj oleum tom qab vulcanization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.