Sodium carbonate (dej qab zib tshauv) Cov tshuaj ua kua tshuaj yog Na2CO3, feem ntau hu ua cov dej qab zib tshauv, tseem hu ua cov dej qab zib, alkali tshauv, cov tshuaj tseem ceeb yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua lag luam soda. Nws yog feem ntau yog cov hmoov dawb dawb, uas tau yooj yim rau hauv qhov kub, yooj yim soluble hauv dej, thiab cov kua aqueous yog alkaline. Cov hmoov tshauv dej qab yuav ua rau cov huab cua ntub, maj mam nqus carbon dioxide thiab dej, thiab qee qhov yuav dhau los ua sodium bicarbonate, yog li cov ntim yuav tsum nruj, txwv tsis pub nws yuav nqus noo thiab agglomerate. Sodium carbonate thiab dej yuav tsim Na2CO3 · 10H2O, Na2CO3 · 7H2O, Na2CO3 · H2O peb hydrates, ntawm uas Na2CO3 · 10H2O yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws, thiab cua sov ntawm kev yaj nyob hauv dej yog qhov me heev. Feem ntau siv rau hauv kev lag luam duab, nws lub npe lag luam yog carbon thiab oxygen. Na2CO3 · 10H2O kuj tseem hu ua crystal puag. Sij hawm dhau los, cov qauv siv lead ua yog siv rau tsev neeg ntxuav thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws, yog li nws tseem hu ua "ntxuav hauv paus" 1. Yav dhau los, cov neeg nyob hauv Suav teb siv "block alkali" uas tuaj yeem ntxuav thiab nog hmoov, uas yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov dej qab zib nrog cov dej loj (ntxiv rau qee cov dej qab zib (NaHCO3), uas muaj cov dej ntawm ntau dua tshaj li 50% .Thaum sodium siab yaj hauv dej, nws yog endothermic thiab yooj yim rau huab cua. Na2CO3 · 7H2O tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj qhov ntub dej los ntawm cov ntsev sodium carbonate tsuas yog nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 32.5-36 ° C. Sodium carbonate yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog. thiab muaj zog alkali ntsev. Lub Na2CO3 tsim yog purer dua li trona, uas yog vim li cas nws hu ua "cov dej qab zib tshauv".
Cov hmoov tshauv dej qab zib yog siv dav thiab feem ntau ua alkaline. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov iav, xws li daim iav tiaj tus, lub raj mis iav, iav iav kho qhov muag thiab cov khoom siv qib siab; nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua xab npum nrog dej qab zib tshauv; nyob rau hauv cov dej muag muag dej, roj av thiab roj ntxiv, kev lag luam xim txhawm rau tshem tawm cov leej faj thiab phosphorus, txiaj ntsig, thiab npaj cov hlau xws li tooj liab, txhuas, npib tsib xee, tin, uranium, txhuas, thiab lwm yam, thiab ntsev ntsev, hlau carbonates, tshuaj dawb, cov ntawv sau, tshuaj ntxuav, catalysts, thiab dyes siv hauv kev lag luam chemical. Cov hmoov tshauv dej qab zib tseem siv tau nyob hauv qhov refractory thiab ci hauv kev lag luam ceramic.
Cov hmoov tshauv dej qab zib yog qhov tseem ceeb loj tonnage tshuaj ua raw khoom. Soda cov hmoov tshauv ntau lawm suav nrog Solvay txheej txheem 1, Hou txoj kev coj ua alkali 2 thiab trona kev ua, thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv sib txawv raws li cov txheej txheem ua. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog ntsev nyoos (suav nrog hiav txwv ntsev, pas dej ntsev, ntsev ntsev thiab av qab ntsev), trona, limestone, ammonia thiab lwm yam.
