Natural gas liquefaction yog cov txheej txheem uas hloov cov roj nkev los ntawm lub xeev gaseous mus rau lub xeev ua kua kom yooj yim khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los. Qhov ntim ntawm liquefied natural gas (LNG) tsuas yog 1/600 ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, yog li nws tuaj yeem txuag tau qhov chaw thiab nqi ntau heev. Liquefied natural gas muaj qhov zoo sib xws ntawm pipeline natural gas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev thauj mus los hauv dej hiav txwv, kev siv roj los ntawm tej thaj chaw deb thaj chaw, thiab lub ncov shaving ntawm nroog natural gas.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho sai heev. Ntau cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau muab tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov roj liquefaction. Los ntawm kev siv tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm natural gas liquefaction. Yog li ntawd, raws li kev tsim khoom tiag tiag thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj liquefaction hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nroj tsuag hom liquefied natural gas yog muab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem tshiab roj liquefaction tau piav qhia meej, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej raug tshuaj xyuas hauv qhov tob.
Lub ntsiab hom ntawm LNG nroj tsuag yog raws li nram no:
Cov nroj tsuag loj hauv av: Cov nroj tsuag no feem ntau ua rau thaj chaw nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom siv roj av thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov roj liquefied ntau ntau los muab kev lag luam mus ntev. Qhov ntsuas ntawm lub Hoobkas hom no feem ntau yog ntau tshaj 1 lab tons / xyoo, thiab nws siv ntau theem compression tub yees, xws li lub voj voog sib xyaw refrigerant (MRC), pre-cooled mixed refrigerant cycle (PMC), waterfall cycle (CASCADE). ), thiab lwm yam. Qhov zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Qhov tsis zoo yog cov nqi peev siab, lub sijhawm tsim kho ntev thiab cov kev xav tau zoo rau cov roj av nyoos.
Cov nroj tsuag me me thiab nruab nrab ntawm ntug dej: Cov nroj tsuag no feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas xav tau roj av me me los yog tawg, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev lag luam hauv zos. Qhov ntsuas ntawm cov nroj tsuag no feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 100, 000 tons / xyoo thiab 1 lab tons / xyoo, siv ib-theem lossis ob-theem compression refrigeration cycles, xws li tus kheej-expansion voj voog (EXPANDER), tus kheej -expansion-mixed refrigerant cycle (EXPANDER-MRC)) tos. Qhov zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog cov peev txheej tsawg, lub sijhawm tsim kho luv luv, thiab cov kev cai tsis zoo rau cov roj nyoos. Qhov tsis zoo yog kev ua haujlwm tsawg, kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob siab.
Floating nroj tsuag: Hom nroj tsuag no feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho offshore natural gas teb. Nws tuaj yeem ncaj qha liquefy cov pa roj hauv hiav txwv thiab thauj nws mus rau cov nkoj thauj mus rau kev ua lag luam. Qhov ntsuas ntawm hom nroj tsuag no feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 1 lab tons / xyoo thiab 5 lab tons / xyoo. Nws txais yuav ib-theem lossis ob-theem compression tub yees, xws li lub voj voog ntawm tus kheej (EXPANDER), nws tus kheej nthuav dav-sib xyaw refrigerant voj voog (EXPANDER-MRC). ) tos. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog tias nws tuaj yeem txhim kho thaj chaw deb ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab txo qis kev tsim cov kav dej. Qhov tsis zoo yog cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim, muaj kev nyab xeeb siab, thiab kev saib xyuas nyuaj.
Cov txheej txheem tshiab nkev liquefaction feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
Nitrogen voj voog: Cov txheej txheem no siv nitrogen ua cov tub yees kom liquefy cov pa roj los ntawm compression, expansion thiab tshav kub pauv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog qhov yooj yim, nyab xeeb, thiab txhim khu kev qha. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws siv lub zog siab thiab tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv roj liquefaction me me.
Carbon dioxide voj voog: Cov txheej txheem no siv cov pa roj carbon dioxide ua cov tub yees kom liquefy cov pa roj carbon monoxide los ntawm compression, expansion thiab tshav kub pauv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab lub tub yees txias. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws yog technically nyuaj thiab yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv siab thiab qis kub. Nws yog tsim rau me me thiab nruab nrab-qhov loj me natural gas liquefaction nroj tsuag.
Magnetic refrigeration: Cov txheej txheem no siv cov khoom sib nqus ua cov tub yees kom liquefy natural gas los ntawm kev hloov cov magnetic teb. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog tsis muaj suab nrov, tsis muaj kuab paug, thiab tsis muaj zog noj. Qhov tsis zoo yog cov thev naus laus zis kom loj hlob thiab tsis tshua muaj lub tub yees ua haujlwm, thiab nws tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv roj ntsha liquefaction.
Cov cuab yeej yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag roj liquefaction feem ntau suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
Compressor: Lub compressor yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv roj liquefaction. Nws yog siv los ua kom lub siab ntawm cov pa roj thiab cov tub yees kom muaj zog rau lub voj voog tub yees. Compressor hom muaj xws li reciprocating, centrifugal, axial txaus, thiab lwm yam. Xaiv cov compressor tsim nyog raws li cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua.
Thaum tshav kub kub exchanger: Lub tshav kub exchanger yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv roj liquefaction. Nws yog siv los paub txog kev sib pauv cua sov ntawm cov pa roj thiab cov tub yees, txo qhov kub ntawm cov pa roj, thiab ua tiav liquefaction tej yam kev mob. Cov hom kev sib hloov cua sov muaj xws li phaj hom, plhaub thiab raj hom, phaj fin hom, thiab lwm yam. Xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim nyog raws li cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua.
Expander: Lub expander yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv roj liquefaction. Nws yog siv los txo qhov siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub tub yees thiab muab cov nyhuv tub yees. Cov hom expanders muaj xws li turbine hom, ntsia hlau hom, piston hom, thiab lwm yam. Xaiv qhov tsim nyog expander raws li tus txheej txheem yuav tsum tau.
Cia tank: Cia tank yog ib qho khoom siv tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv roj liquefaction. Nws yog siv los khaws cov roj ntsha liquefied thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom siv. Hom kev cia tank muaj xws li spherical, kab rov tav, ntsug, thiab lwm yam. Xaiv lub tank tsim nyog raws li cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua.
Thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov roj liquefaction units, lub hauv paus thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm raw natural gas, kev lag luam xav tau, thiab tsim nyog xaiv thiab optimization ntawm chav tsev hom yuav tsum tau tag nrho txiav txim siab los xaiv tus tsim nyog cov natural gas liquefaction txheej txheem thiab zoo dua txhawb kuv lub teb chaws. natural gas liquefaction unit kev lag luam. kev loj hlob.