Cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm adjuvants yog: fillers, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, thickeners, enzymes, solubilizers, thiab lwm yam.
①Filling agent: Muaj cov sodium sulfate anhydrous (Na2SO4, feem ntau hu ua Yuanmingfen) thiab sodium sulfate (Na2SO4·10H2O, feem ntau hu ua Glauber's ntsev) muaj 10 siv lead ua dej. Sodium sulfate muaj ntau qhov chaw thiab pheej yig. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua tus muab tub lim hauv cov hmoov ntxhua, thiab nws kuj pab kom qhuav thiab zoo thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom agglomeration.
②Anti-redeposition tus neeg saib xyuas: Tus neeg saib xyuas kev hloov pauv tau dav siv hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Synthetic detergents tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov av adhering ntawm cov ntaub, tab sis cov av sloughed yuav rov txuas rau fiber ntau ntawm cov ntaub, qhov tshwm sim hu ua av "redeposition". Carboxymethyl cellulose muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim no. Nws qhov ntau npaum li cas hauv cov hmoov ntxhua yog feem ntau 1 mus rau 3 feem pua. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, polyvinylpyrrolidone tau siv, uas muaj cov nyhuv anti-redeposition zoo ntawm ntau cov fibers, thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm solubility thiab zoo compatibility nrog inorganic ntsev.
③ Optical brightener: ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Txhawm rau ua kom cov xim dawb, ib qho me me ntawm xiav (tseem hu ua xiav whitening) tuaj yeem muab ntxiv ua xim xiav rau cov xim sib xyaw ntawm cov xim daj, yog li txhim kho qhov pom tseeb ntawm qhov muag pom. Optical brighteners nce whiteness los ntawm kev hloov lub teeb ultraviolet mus rau hauv lub teeb pom kev. Lub whiteness ntawm lub luminous lub teeb tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zeem muag yog cov nyhuv ntawm qhov muag brightener. Optical brighteners rau detergents muaj xws li diamine stilbene disulfonic acid hom (rau paj rwb fabrics) thiab naphthalene triazole stilbene hom (rau paj rwb thiab hluavtaws fibers).
④Thickener: ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj. CMC yog ib qho pheej yig dua cov thickener. Qee cov inorganic thickeners xws li colloidal silicon dioxide feem ntau yog siv rau pastes; organic thickeners yog siv rau kev daws teeb meem meej thiab pob tshab, xws li Carbopol series khoom thiab hloov cellulose (xws li hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, thiab lwm yam). Cov cellulose hloov kho no yog soluble hauv dej txias, tab sis insoluble hauv dej kub thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic. Ob qho tib si ntsev thiab pH tus nqi yuav cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntawm cov thickeners saum toj no, yog li ua ntej txiav txim siab siv cov thickener, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua qhov kev sim cia txaus tom qab sim ua cov khoom raws li cov qauv.
⑤ Kev npaj Enzyme: Cov enzymes ntxiv hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes yog cov enzymes proteolytic thiab lipolytic enzymes. Cov qub tuaj yeem decompose cov protein ntau hauv cov ntshav, nqaij thiab qe; tom kawg tuaj yeem decompose rog, thiab cellulase tuaj yeem ntxiv. Detergent enzymes tsis tsuas yog yuav tsum tau stability nyob rau hauv alkaline nruab nrab thiab kub tsis kam, tab sis kuj muaj zoo compatibility nrog rau lwm yam ntawm detergents.
⑥Solubilizer: Thaum tsim cov kua xab npum, feem ntau nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov tshuaj solubilizer kom tag nrho cov khoom hauv cov mis hauv lub xeev yaj. Lub solubilizer yog ib qho chaw uas muaj cov pab pawg hydrophilic thiab pawg lipophilic nyob rau hauv cov molecule, thiab muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm dissolving lwm yam organic tshuaj nyob rau hauv dej los yog ib tug aqueous ntsev tov ntawm ib tug siab concentration. Nws cov molecular morphology zoo ib yam li cov surfactants, tab sis pawg lipophilic yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj molecular-hnyav hydrocarbon. Xws li qis alkyl benzene sulfonates, lawv yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nyob rau hauv cov kua detergents formulated nrog anionic actives. Ib tug series ntawm cov tebchaw li solubilizers tau nce solubilities nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm sulfonates ntawm benzene, toluene, xylene thiab cumene.
Solubilizers yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov hmoov ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntxiv rau formulating kua detergents. Ua ntej cov tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav, ntxiv cov tshuaj solubilizer rau cov slurry tuaj yeem txo cov viscosity ntawm slurry, uas yog, cov dej siv hauv kev npaj cov slurry tuaj yeem txo qis, yog li txhim kho lub peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm cov plua plav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj solubilizers xws li sodium toluenesulfonate tuaj yeem ua kom cov kua dej tiav ntawm cov hmoov ua tiav thiab tiv thaiv agglomeration, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov hmoov ntxhua khaub ncaws nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm sodium linear alkyl benzenesulfonate, ntxiv ib lub solubilizer tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov organic adjuvants nrog tsawg npaum li cas muaj xws li alkanolamides, amine oxides, pigments, flavors, thiab lwm yam. Alkanolamide nws tus kheej yog ib tug uas tsis yog-ionic surfactant nrog zoo degreasing muaj peev xwm thiab tawv dej kuj. Alkanolamides feem ntau siv ua npuas dej stabilizers hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Tus nqi ntxiv yog li 2 mus rau 3 feem pua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nyhuv decontamination, tiv thaiv nag lossis daus, txo qhov khaus ntawm sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij kom qhuav, txhim kho tes ntawm cov ntaub thiab inhibit cov hlau xeb. Amine oxide kuj yog ib yam uas tsis yog-ionic surfactant, ntxiv rau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm alkanolamide, nws kuj muaj cov nyhuv antistatic, thiab nws tseem yog cov khoom siv ua npuas ncauj stabilizer tam sim no. Qee cov pigments tau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv ntxhua khaub ncaws los ua cov hmoov xim uas txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Cov tshuaj tsw qab ntxiv rau cov tshuaj ntxuav tes kom zoo dua cov khoom tsw qab.
