Cov kws tshaj lij detergents ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ntxuav thiab decontaminating. Feem ntau cais los ntawm hom ion thaum yaj hauv dej:
1. Cationic surfactant: Tom qab ionization nyob rau hauv dej, lub active moiety yog zoo them. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm softeners thiab antibacterial agents.
2. Anionic surfactant: Tom qab ionization nyob rau hauv dej, lub active moiety yog tsis zoo them. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm paj rwb ntaub detergents.
3. Nonionic surfactant: tsis ionized hauv dej, qhov active feem tsis raug nqi. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj fiber ntau detergent.
a. Kev ntub dej: Cov tee dej sib kis ntawm cov khoom kom ntub dej, hu ua cov dej ntub dej. Cov nyhuv ntub dej ntawm cov tshuaj detergent hauv cov khoom siv ziab qhuav yog tsuas yog los txo qhov nro ntawm cov kua, kom cov kua ntxhua yog adsorbed los ntawm cov ntaub thiab txawm nkag mus rau hauv cov fibers ntawm cov ntaub.
b. Emulsification: Cov kua dej tsis sib xws, tom qab ntxiv me me ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, los ntawm kev quab yuam sab nraud, ib qho ntawm cov kua yog dispersed nyob rau hauv lwm cov kua nrog zoo heev droplets thiab tsis stratify rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, hu ua emulsification. nyhuv. Lub emulsification ntawm tus kws tshaj lij detergent nyob rau hauv lub qhuav tu franchise plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov roj stain ntawm cov ntaub ntxhua khaub ncaws. Cov roj stain yog ntxuav tawm ntawm cov ntaub thiab dhau los ua lub xeev emulsified, thiab tsis yooj yim rau aggregate thiab precipitate ntawm cov ntaub.
c. Dispersion: Nws tuaj yeem txhawb cov pulverization ntawm cov khoom thiab cov dispersion nyob rau hauv cov kua. Qhuav tu franchise cov kws tshaj lij cov tshuaj ntxuav tes tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv ua cov yeeb yaj kiab hydrophilic adsorption, kom cov khoom siv tau raug tshem tawm hauv dej, tsis yooj yim rau precipitate ntawm cov ntaub, thiab ntws nrog dej.
d. Ua Npuas Ncauj Ua Haujlwm: Kev tsim ua npuas ncauj yog tsim los ntawm kev taw qhia adsorption ntawm surfactant kom txo qhov nro ntawm cov roj-kua ob-theem interface. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes kom nqa cov av, kom cov av yog adhered los ntawm cov npuas dej thiab tawm ua ke nrog cov npuas dej ntab rau saum npoo ntawm cov tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, ua npuas ncauj ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntxuav kom qhuav yuav txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm kev ntxuav, uas tsis tsim nyog rau decontamination, thiab tsis zoo rau cov ntaub ntub dej.
e. Solubilization: Thaum cov tshuaj surfactant concentration nce mus txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm micelles, solubility ntawm qee cov roj-soluble xau hauv cov tshuaj detergent nce. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua solubilization. Solubilization yog qhov kawg theem ntawm emulsification thiab dispersion. Nws plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm cov roj ntawm cov tshuaj detergents.